How Balloon Angioplasty Could Ease Heart Disease Symptoms

Balloon angioplasty is a non-surgical method used to treat patients with coronary heart disease symptom. This procedure is done to ease of the symptoms of heart disease such as shortness of breathe and chest pain. The method is particularly used for patients that have plaque within the coronary arterial walls.

Balloon angioplasty is known with the medical term Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA). The term is derived from the general steps executed by the doctor. Percutaneous, meaning ‘through the skin’, and transluminal, meaning ‘inside a blood vessel channel’. A catheter is inserted through the skin of the arm or groin and through a blood vessel channel.

The doctor determines what kind and location of blockage and the size and shape of the arteries are before doing the procedure. This helps them identify if this procedure is what they need to execute, or if other options are needed, such as medications or surgery.

In balloon angioplasty, the doctor inserts a sheath in the arm or groin. Through the sheath, a soft, flexible catheter is inserted and its tip is to be positioned in the opening of the artery. This tube is about 3mm in diameter. The doctor directs the catheter’s tip, rotating the end sitting outside of the patient.

The type of balloon to be used in the inflation is determined through x-ray images after the tip reaches the opening of the artery. Dye is injected to create contrast for the x-ray images.

A guide wire is then advanced through the catheter to pass through the coronary artery and find the exact location of the plaque that blocks blood flow through the heart. Having this guide, the catheter containing a deflated balloon tip then follows the guide and stops at the plaque. It is then inflated to bring the plaque to a flattened state. Blood can then flow more smoothly through the artery and thus, prevent symptoms such as shortness of breath or chest pain.

Balloon angioplasty is not a perfect procedure. The plaque in the coronary artery is composed of soft and hard material. When the balloon is inflated, the soft material is flattened to the arterial walls. The hard part, however, stays in place or cracks. The plaque becomes a smaller lump rather than making it smooth and round.

The risk of this procedure resulting to death is almost 1 percent. The risk of having emergency surgery does not exceed 2 percent. Therefore, the procedure is safe. Although you need to have balloon angioplasty done by an experienced cardiologist so the risks are reduced to minimum.

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